前言

試驗機(jī)是在各種條件、環(huán)境下測定非金屬材料、金屬材料、機(jī)械零件、工程結(jié)構(gòu)等機(jī)械性能、工藝性能、內(nèi)部缺陷并校準(zhǔn)精密儀器旋轉(zhuǎn)部件的動不平衡，對材料可進(jìn)行拉伸、壓縮、 彎曲、剪切、扭轉(zhuǎn)、沖擊、疲勞、蠕變和持久、松弛、磨損、硬度測試等。 在對新材料、新技術(shù)、新技術(shù)和新結(jié)構(gòu)工藝的研究和探索中，試驗機(jī)是不可缺少的重要測試儀器。 本文對基本定義、研究背景和意義、國內(nèi)外一些重要廠家的分類和成果進(jìn)行了概述。 第二部分論述了滾珠絲杠-錐齒輪、滾珠絲杠-鏈傳動、滾珠絲杠-直齒傳動和液壓傳動四種傳動方案，并進(jìn)行了對比分析，最后選擇滾珠絲杠-錐齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)作為本文的設(shè)計對象。 第三部分對試驗機(jī)的主要機(jī)械傳動部分，如電機(jī)、滾珠絲杠傳動系統(tǒng)、錐齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)、減速器、軸和軸承、無級變速器等部分進(jìn)行了選型，詳細(xì)的設(shè)計計算，經(jīng)過校核后所有的設(shè)計均符合要求。  

關(guān)鍵詞: 拉力試驗機(jī) 滾珠絲桿 錐齒輪蝸輪 蝸桿

Testing machine is under various conditions, environment determination of non-metallic materials, metal materials, machinery parts, engineering structure, such as mechanical properties, process performance, internal defects and calibration precision instrument rotating components of the dynamic unbalance, the material can be tensile, compression, bending, shear, torsion, impact, fatigue, creep and lasting, relaxation, wear, hardness test, etc.  In the research and exploration of new materials, new technology, new technology and new structure of the process, testing machine is an indispensable important test instrument.  In this paper, the basic definition, research background and significance, classification and achievements of some important manufacturers at home and abroad are summarized.  The second part discusses the ball screw - bevel gear, ball screw - chain transmission, ball screw - spur gear and hydraulic drive four transmission schemes, and comparative analysis, finally choose the ball screw - cone gear transmission system as the design object of this paper.  The third part of the main mechanical transmission parts of the testing machine, such as motor, ball screw drive system, bevel gear drive system, reducer, shaft and bearing, CVT and other parts of the selection, detailed design and calculation, after checking all the designs are in line with the requirements.  

研究背景及意義

材料試驗機(jī)是在各種條件、環(huán)境下確定金屬材料、非金屬材料、機(jī)械零件、工程結(jié)夠精密旋轉(zhuǎn)部件機(jī)械性能、工藝性能、內(nèi)部缺陷及動不平衡檢測儀器材料可以拉伸、壓縮、彎曲、剪切、扭轉(zhuǎn)、沖擊、疲勞、蠕變、耐久性、松弛、磨削 、損傷、硬度測試等。 在研究和探索新材料、新技術(shù)、新工藝和新結(jié)構(gòu)的過程中，試驗機(jī)是一種是不可缺少的重要測試儀器。 廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械、冶金、石油、化工、建材、建筑、航空  航天、造船、交通等工業(yè)部門和大學(xué)、研究所相關(guān)實驗室。 有效地使  使用材料，改進(jìn)工藝，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，降低成本，確保產(chǎn)品安全可靠等。  

Material testing machine is in various conditions, the environment to determine metal materials, non-metallic materials, mechanical parts, engineering knot  Precision testing instrument for mechanical properties, process properties, internal defects and dynamic unbalance of rotating parts,  The material can be stretched, compressed, bent, shear, torsion, impact, fatigue, creep, durability, relaxation, grinding  Damage, hardness test, etc.  In the research and exploration of new materials, new technology, new technology and new structure of the process, testing machine is a  An indispensable and important test instrument.  Widely used in machinery, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, building materials, construction, aviation  Aerospace, shipbuilding, transportation, and other industrial sectors and universities, research institutes related laboratories.  To effectively make  Use material, improve process, improve product quality, reduce cost, ensure product safety and reliability, etc.  

國內(nèi)材料試驗機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀

我國的計量檢測事業(yè)歷史悠久，但在舊中國的試驗機(jī)制造業(yè)是空白的，中華人民共和國建國后，黨和工商局高度重視測量測試技術(shù)的發(fā)展，采取了許多重要措施來發(fā)展儀器鐘表業(yè)。 經(jīng)過50多年的努力，我國萬能材料試驗機(jī)的制造，從無到有，從小到大單參數(shù)到多參數(shù)，從靜態(tài)到動態(tài)，逐步發(fā)展到初步規(guī)?；S著生產(chǎn)的靜載試驗機(jī)(如拉力壓力萬能試驗機(jī)、扭轉(zhuǎn)試驗機(jī)、松弛試驗機(jī)、耐久強度試驗機(jī)、蠕變試驗機(jī)、復(fù)合試驗機(jī)力試驗機(jī)等)和動載荷試驗機(jī)(如沖擊試驗機(jī)和疲勞試驗機(jī)等)的能力得到有效提升，發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和國防建設(shè)。 我國萬能材料試驗機(jī)市場已形成集量程、試驗機(jī)于一體的格局  

 產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)日趨規(guī)?；⒅悄芑?、動靜態(tài)功能復(fù)雜，部分試驗機(jī)產(chǎn)品已遠(yuǎn)銷國外， 出口到亞洲及歐美市場，具有一定的競爭力。  電子萬能材料試驗機(jī)(雙柱落地式)如圖1-1所示，主要用于金屬和非金屬材料 拉伸、壓縮、彎曲等力學(xué)性能測試與分析。 可以自動獲取  ReH、ReL、Rp0.2、Fm、Rt0.5、Rt0.6、RT0.65、Rt0.7、Rm、E等試驗參數(shù)，并可根據(jù)  

GB、ISO、DIN、ASTM、JIS等國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行測試并提供數(shù)據(jù)。  電子萬能試驗機(jī)(雙柱落地式)性能特點:電子萬能試驗機(jī)(雙柱落地式)具有高強度  燈桿固定在上橫梁和工作面上，形成高度剛性的門式框架結(jié)構(gòu)。 伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動,  伺服電機(jī)通過傳動機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動運動梁上下運動，實現(xiàn)試驗加載過程。 分為單空間和雙空間 兩個模型。 主機(jī)采用先進(jìn)的DSCC-1全數(shù)字閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行控制和測量，采用計算機(jī)控制動態(tài)顯示試驗過程和試驗曲線，并對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，試驗結(jié)束后可進(jìn)行圖形處理  

 塊曲線放大用于數(shù)據(jù)再分析和編輯，產(chǎn)品性能已達(dá)到國際先進(jìn)水平。  Waw-100液壓萬能試驗機(jī)如圖1-2所示。 它的程序由一個開放的數(shù)據(jù)庫結(jié)構(gòu)定義。  符合GB228-87標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 GB/ T228-2002、GB7314-87等試驗方法，也可根據(jù)用戶要求定制 特殊的測試方法。 測量方法采用高精度壓力傳感器、高精度位移傳感器、高線性度低  混合信號處理與放大模塊，試驗材料力學(xué)性能人機(jī)交互分析與計算，試驗接頭自動計算彈性模量、屈服強度、非比例延伸應(yīng)力，在自動分析的基礎(chǔ)上，也可以進(jìn)行人工校正分析結(jié)果，提高分析的準(zhǔn)確性。  液壓萬能試驗機(jī)可配備材料試驗機(jī)的閉環(huán)控制和數(shù)據(jù)采集電液控制器(可選)  根據(jù)客戶要求配置進(jìn)口控制器，如:DOLI)，它具有強大的功能，叉性都非常優(yōu)秀能源價格比率。 適用于科研單位、高等院校、質(zhì)量監(jiān)督部門和檢測中心進(jìn)行檢測、科研、仲裁和使用特殊測試的需要。  

China's measurement and testing business has a long history, but the testing machine manufacturing industry in the old China is blank, the People's Republic of China  After the founding of China, the Party and the government attached great importance to the development of measurement and testing technology, and adopted many important measures to develop instruments  Watch industry.  After more than 50 years of efforts, China's universal material testing machine manufacturing, from scratch, from small to large  Single parameter to multi-parameter, from static to dynamic, gradually developed into a preliminary scale, with the production of static load testing machine (such as  Tension and pressure universal testing machine, torsion testing machine, relaxation testing machine, durable strength testing machine, creep testing machine, composite testing machine  Force testing machine, etc.) and dynamic load testing machine (such as impact testing machine and fatigue testing machine, etc.) ability to effectively promote  Development of national economic construction and national defense construction.  China's universal material testing machine market has formed - set scale, testing machine  The development of products is becoming increasingly large-scale, intelligent, dynamic and static functions of the complex, some testing machine products have been exported to foreign countries,  Exported to Asia and Europe and The United States market, with a certain competitiveness.  Figure 1-1 shows the electronic universal material testing machine (double column floor type), which is mainly used for metal and non-metal materials  Tensile, compression, bending and other mechanical properties testing and analysis.  It can be obtained automatically  ReH, ReL, Rp0.2, Fm, Rt0.5, Rt0.6, RT0.65, Rt0.7, Rm, E and other test parameters, and can be based on  GB, ISO, DIN, ASTM, JIS and other international standards to test and provide data.  Electronic universal testing machine (double column floor type) performance characteristics: electronic universal testing machine (double column floor type) with high strength  The light bar is fixed to the upper beam and the work surface to form a highly rigid portal frame structure.  Servo motor driven,  The servo motor drives the moving beam to move up and down through the transmission mechanism to realize the test loading process.  Divided into single space and double space  Two models.  The main machine adopts advanced DSCC-1 full digital closed-loop control system for control and measurement, and adopts computer  Dynamic display of the test process and test curve, and data processing, after the end of the test can be processed by graphics  Block curve amplification for data re-analysis and editing, product performance has reached the international advanced level.  Waw-100 hydraulic universal testing machine is shown in figure 1-2. Its program is defined by an open database structure.  In line with the standard GB228-87. GB/ T228-2002, GB7314-87 and other test methods, can also be customized according to user requirements  Special test method.  The measurement method uses high precision pressure sensor, high precision displacement sensor, high linear low  Hybrid signal processing and amplification module, human-computer interaction analysis and calculation of mechanical properties of test materials, test junction  Automatic calculation of elastic modulus, yield strength, non-proportional extension stress, on the basis of automatic analysis, can also be  Manual correction of analysis results to improve the accuracy of analysis.  

Hydraulic universal testing machine can be equipped with closed loop control and data acquisition for material testing machine electro-hydraulic controller (available  According to customer requirements to configure imported controller, such as: DOLI), it has a powerful function, fork both very excellent sex  Energy price ratio.  Applicable to scientific research units, universities, quality supervision departments and testing centers for testing, scientific research, arbitration and  The need for special tests.