拉力試驗(yàn)機(jī)的測(cè)量原理-（中英文對(duì)照）

1、拉力試驗(yàn)機(jī)的力值由力傳感器、放大器和數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)來(lái)測(cè)量，完成測(cè)量。 根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)力學(xué)，在小變形的前提下，彈性單元某一點(diǎn)的應(yīng)變?chǔ)排c彈性單元的力成正比，也與彈性的變化成正比。 以S型試驗(yàn)機(jī)傳感器為例,當(dāng)傳感器受到壓力P的影響,因?yàn)閺椥栽耐庥^與應(yīng)變計(jì)粘貼,因?yàn)閺椥栽膽?yīng)變直接與外力的大小成正比P,所以應(yīng)變儀測(cè)量電路, 可以通過(guò)測(cè)量其輸出電壓來(lái)測(cè)量，然后測(cè)量力的大小。  

（the force value of the tensile testing machine is measured by force sensor, amplifier and data processing system to complete the measurement.   According to the data mechanics, under the premise of small deformation, the strain ε at a certain point of an elastic element is proportional to the force of the elastic element, and also proportional to the change of elasticity.   Take S type testing machine sensor as an example, when the sensor is subjected to the effect of tension P, because the appearance of the elastic element is pasted with strain gauge, because the strain of the elastic element is directly proportional to the size of the external force P, so the strain gauge access to the measurement circuit,  can be measured by measuring its output voltage, and then measure the size of the force.）

2、變形測(cè)量安裝后要進(jìn)行變形測(cè)量，它是用來(lái)測(cè)量試樣在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中的變形。 該裝置設(shè)有兩個(gè)夾頭，夾頭通過(guò)傳記式機(jī)構(gòu)與安裝在測(cè)量裝置頂部的光電編碼器連接。 當(dāng)兩個(gè)夾頭之間的間隔發(fā)生變化時(shí)，驅(qū)動(dòng)光電編碼器的軸發(fā)生扭轉(zhuǎn)，光電編碼器將有脈沖信號(hào)輸出。 樣品的變形可以通過(guò)處理器處理信號(hào)得到。  

（the measurement of deformation after deformation measurement installation to measure, it is used to measure the deformation of the sample in the process of the experiment.   The installation is provided with two collets, which are connected with the photoelectric encoder mounted on the top of the measuring installation through a biographical mechanism.  When the interval between the two collets changes, the shaft of the photoelectric encoder is driven to twist, and the photoelectric encoder will have pulse signal output.   The deformation of the sample can be obtained by disposing the signal with a processor.）

3. 光束位移測(cè)量的原理與變形測(cè)量的原理大致相同，變形測(cè)量是通過(guò)測(cè)量光電編碼器的輸出脈沖數(shù)得到的。  

（The principle of beam displacement measurement is roughly the same as that of deformation measurement, which is obtained by measuring the number of output pulses of the photoelectric encoder.）

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